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Founding fathers of Europe
OREST HRYTSAK • Painting, 2021, 114×146 cm
Description of the artwork «Founding fathers of Europe»
'' Founding Fathers of Europe ''. At the bottom of the composition is represented William Penn 1644-1718, a key figure in the history of the first English colonies in America. Penn is revered in the United States as one of the founding fathers of the state and its first capital - Philadelphia "City of Brotherly Love". In 1681, King Charles II transferred part of his American lands to William Penn, thereby repaying the king's debt to Penn's father. Penn's lands included present-day Pennsylvania and Delaware. Penn arrived in America in 1682. As a Quaker pacifist and preacher of religious tolerance, he founded a colony as a "refuge for free-thinker Europeans", which was called Pennsylvania (Sylvania forest in Latin).
He was one of the first defenders of democracy and religious freedom. Particularly noteworthy is his participation in the drafting of a peace treaty with the indigenous peoples of America - the Lenape tribe, who historically inhabited the territory of Pennsylvania. From the first years of his stay in America, Penn advocated the unification of the English colonies. He intended to lay the legal foundations for an ethical society in which power comes from the people, from “open rationality”. It should be noted that Penn considers it important to limit his power as the owner of the land, so that neither he nor his heirs “have the power to do wrongdoing, so the will of one person cannot threaten the well-being of the whole country."The democratic principles he enunciated under the Pennsylvania government served as the basis for the constitution of the United States which influenced the French constitution of September 3, 1791. He developed a promising project for the United States of America. Europe, in which he proposed the creation of a European Assembly of Deputies who could discuss and settle various disputes without resorting to violence. This gives the right to consider him as the first thinker who proposed the creation of the European Parliament. Penn wrote many works in which he encouraged believers to join the spirit of early Christianity. Several times he was imprisoned in the Tower of London and his book "Without a Cross there is no Crown" (1669) , which he wrote while in prison, became a literary classic.
In the foreground of the canvas we see five figures, the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Committee of the Treaty of Paris in 1951 Konrad Adenauer, Alcide De Gasperi, Robert Schuman, Jean Monnet. Monnet was the first president of the High Authority of the ECSC, and also promoted international industrial cooperation. He is one of the main founders of the European Economic Community (Treaty of Rome of 1957) and of the European Common Market (1968). He was made an honorary citizen of Europe in 1976 and was buried in the French Pantheon in 1988. The organization of the ECSC united Western Europe during the Cold War, creating the foundations of a European democracy and the current development of the European Union. Between Schuman and Monnet we can see Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, one of the first to have proposed a modern project of united Europe, an inspirer and an important activist. He developed the idea of bringing together German coal and French steel. The International Pan-European Union (IPU) is an association founded by him after the First World War, in 1926 in Vienna. In 1923 his manifesto book Paneuropa came out in which he advocated the creation of a union of European states. After the victory of the Allies, Coudenhove-Kalergi was the inspiration for the Council of Europe which was created in 1949. Richard Nicklaus of Coudenhove-Kalergi proposed the creation of the European national anthem to music by Beethoven, the ninth symphony, also called Ode to joy. In 1930, at the II Pan-European Congress in Berlin, Richard Nicklaus de Coudenhove-Kalergi proposed to celebrate a European Day in May.
May 9, 1950, anniversary of the declaration which proposed the creation of a European organization responsible for pooling French and German coal and steel production, the ECSC. It was at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the Quai d'Orsay in Paris. This declaration is celebrated every year on May 9 as Europe Day and was instituted in 1985 by the European Council at its meeting in Milan. All those people who are behind the creation of this declaration and The appearance of the ECSC were people with a consciousness of deeply human laws, love, brotherhood and solidarity. Schuman and Adenauer recall in their memoirs that Pastor Frank Buchman explained the importance of these values to have peace between nations.
The backdrop is made like the European flag, decorated with twelve five-pointed gold stars, one of the branches pointing upwards. “On the blue background of the sky, twelve golden stars representing the union of the peoples of Europe. The number of stars is invariable, the number twelve symbolizing perfection and fullness. "
He was one of the first defenders of democracy and religious freedom. Particularly noteworthy is his participation in the drafting of a peace treaty with the indigenous peoples of America - the Lenape tribe, who historically inhabited the territory of Pennsylvania. From the first years of his stay in America, Penn advocated the unification of the English colonies. He intended to lay the legal foundations for an ethical society in which power comes from the people, from “open rationality”. It should be noted that Penn considers it important to limit his power as the owner of the land, so that neither he nor his heirs “have the power to do wrongdoing, so the will of one person cannot threaten the well-being of the whole country."The democratic principles he enunciated under the Pennsylvania government served as the basis for the constitution of the United States which influenced the French constitution of September 3, 1791. He developed a promising project for the United States of America. Europe, in which he proposed the creation of a European Assembly of Deputies who could discuss and settle various disputes without resorting to violence. This gives the right to consider him as the first thinker who proposed the creation of the European Parliament. Penn wrote many works in which he encouraged believers to join the spirit of early Christianity. Several times he was imprisoned in the Tower of London and his book "Without a Cross there is no Crown" (1669) , which he wrote while in prison, became a literary classic.
In the foreground of the canvas we see five figures, the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Committee of the Treaty of Paris in 1951 Konrad Adenauer, Alcide De Gasperi, Robert Schuman, Jean Monnet. Monnet was the first president of the High Authority of the ECSC, and also promoted international industrial cooperation. He is one of the main founders of the European Economic Community (Treaty of Rome of 1957) and of the European Common Market (1968). He was made an honorary citizen of Europe in 1976 and was buried in the French Pantheon in 1988. The organization of the ECSC united Western Europe during the Cold War, creating the foundations of a European democracy and the current development of the European Union. Between Schuman and Monnet we can see Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, one of the first to have proposed a modern project of united Europe, an inspirer and an important activist. He developed the idea of bringing together German coal and French steel. The International Pan-European Union (IPU) is an association founded by him after the First World War, in 1926 in Vienna. In 1923 his manifesto book Paneuropa came out in which he advocated the creation of a union of European states. After the victory of the Allies, Coudenhove-Kalergi was the inspiration for the Council of Europe which was created in 1949. Richard Nicklaus of Coudenhove-Kalergi proposed the creation of the European national anthem to music by Beethoven, the ninth symphony, also called Ode to joy. In 1930, at the II Pan-European Congress in Berlin, Richard Nicklaus de Coudenhove-Kalergi proposed to celebrate a European Day in May.
May 9, 1950, anniversary of the declaration which proposed the creation of a European organization responsible for pooling French and German coal and steel production, the ECSC. It was at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the Quai d'Orsay in Paris. This declaration is celebrated every year on May 9 as Europe Day and was instituted in 1985 by the European Council at its meeting in Milan. All those people who are behind the creation of this declaration and The appearance of the ECSC were people with a consciousness of deeply human laws, love, brotherhood and solidarity. Schuman and Adenauer recall in their memoirs that Pastor Frank Buchman explained the importance of these values to have peace between nations.
The backdrop is made like the European flag, decorated with twelve five-pointed gold stars, one of the branches pointing upwards. “On the blue background of the sky, twelve golden stars representing the union of the peoples of Europe. The number of stars is invariable, the number twelve symbolizing perfection and fullness. "
