Sergey
Iosifovich Yutkevich

Filmmaker, artist, theorist of the cinema. People's artist of the USSR (1962), Hero of Socialist Labor (1974).

In 1921 – 1923 he studied at the Higher art and technical studios (VHUTEMAS) and State Higher directing workshops under the leadership of the armed Forces.Uh. Meyerhold. Worked as a painter of theatre workshop N.M. Foregger ("Mastor"), where he designed a number of performances with S. Eisenstein.

In 1922 a vacation together with G. Kozintsev, L. Trauberg and G. Criticim issued a Manifesto "Eccentricity", which became the theoretical platform for the "factory of the eccentric actor" (FEKS).

Since 1928 jutkiewicz starts to work at "Lenfilm" (headed by the First kilometersa). In 1938 – 1944 jutkiewicz was the Director and artistic Director of the Studio soyuzdetfilm, 1939 to 1946 – the chief Director of the song and dance Ensemble of the NKVD. Since the late 1920-ies, jutkiewicz engaged in teaching. Working in the Institute of art history (1947 – 1949, 1956 – 1973) and the research Institute of cinema (1974 – 1985), depth study of problems of the theory of cinema, creates a series of monographs on the material of Soviet and foreign cinema.

In 1982 at the Venice film festival he was awarded the prize "Golden lion" for the contribution to world cinema.

28 Dec 1904, St. Petersburg — April 23, 1985, Moscow

People's artist of the USSR (1962), Hero of Socialist Labor (1974),

Creative life of Sergei Yutkevich began in 1917. During the Civil war he worked as an actor, an artist, an assistant Director in the theaters of Kyiv and Sevastopol. In 1921-1923 he studied at the theatre faculty of the VKhUTEMAS and at the State Higher directing workshops under the guidance of V. E. Meyerhold. As a student, together with S. M. Eisenstein issued a number of theatrical performances, worked as Director and artist propaganda theatre group "Blue blouse".

In 1922, again with G. M. Kozintsev, L. Z. Trauberg and G. K. Kryzhitsky issued a Manifesto "Eccentricity", which became the theoretical platform for the factory of the eccentric actor (FEKS). Young theorists tried to construct a new revolutionary art by mixing different genres: theatre, stage, circus, propaganda representations. Since 1924, a vacation is trying to implement these theoretical parcels in the movie. His first film was an eccentric Comedy about the life of Moscow's street children "Give the radio!" (written and directed by Yutkevich and S. Gruenberg). From 1926, he became head of the Experimental kinogalerija (ACCU) while working artist in the theatre and in the movies (the movie "Traitor", 1926; "the Third petty-bourgeois", 1928, both in collaboration with V. A. Rahalison).

In 1928 jutkiewicz headed the First kinomasterskoy at Lenfilm and directed it for ten years. In his early work as a Director Yutkevich ("Lace", 1928; "the Black sail", 1929; "the Golden mountain", 1931) the implementation of social order combined with the experimentation with genre, style and form, as well as finding a new cinematic language. But in the "Golden mountain" and fully in the film "Counter" (1932, staging, together with F. M. Ermler) Director donates expressive form for the sake of ideological content.

In 1934 jutkiewicz tries his hand at documentary film: in the film "Ankara — heart of Turkey" he is trying to organize documentary material peculiar plot. But by the end of 1930-ies of experiments were done. Jutkiewicz as one of the prominent Soviet Directors had to create paintings to taste the main customer and Stalin. And he makes these films — until a short kinosaki "How the voter will vote," (1937), on the elections of deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Films of this period: "the Miners" (1937), "Man with a gun" (1938), "Yakov Sverdlov" (1940, Stalin prize in 1941), characterized by the leveling of the artistic level and the waiver of any copyright beginning. In the film "Man with a gun", his thoughts first turned to the Leninist theme that became through in his work. In this film, far extraordinary role played by Maxim Strauch (Lenin) and Boris tenine (soldier Ivan Shadrin).

In the years 1938-1944 jutkiewicz was artistic Director of the Studio "soyuzdetfilm", but in addition to the administrative and Director's work was teaching, scientific and artistic work, often existing in several forms. For example, in the years 1939-1946 he, among many other things, held the position of chief Director of the song and dance ensemble of the NKVD. To teach jutkiewicz began in 1929, and in 1939 he became a Professor; he worked at the Institute of art history, wrote theoretical works.

During the great Patriotic war, the Director was able to briefly return to the eccentric and satire in the "Battle kinosbornik number seven" (1941) and the film "New adventures Schweik" (1943). Since 1944, they began to lead a directing workshop at VGIK. Then he visited France and made a documentary film "liberation of France" (1944).

The most difficult period in the life of a Director of a steel post-war years. In 1947, he filmed the play by N. F. Pogodin "Kremlin chimes". The film was preparing to be released under the title "Light over Russia", the image of Lenin it seemed the party bosses are not ambitious enough and stately. The picture was shelved, and in the political campaign against cosmopolitical in the art jutkiewicz, with his "eccentric" past was an easy target. In 1949 he was expelled from the University and research Institute of art studies. In the movie, they returned in 1952, by removing far from politics biography "Przewalski". Following the film — the Soviet-Albanian production of "the Great warrior of Albania Skanderbeg" (1954, prize of the Cannes film festival) — was published after Stalin's death.

From mid-1950-ies jutkiewicz once again live an active and diverse artistic life. In 1954, he returned to the film Institute and taught there directing skills until the end of 1960-ies. Jutkiewicz again comes to the theater in those years he, as an artist and Director has put about thirty performances in Moscow and Leningrad stages. The most notable theatrical works Yutkevich: "Bath" (1953, with N. V. Petrov and V. N. Pluchek), the Bedbug (1955, with Pluchek), "Career of Arturo UI" (1965, jointly with A. M. Zakharov). In 1960-1965 he was chief Director of the Student theatre MSU.

Again, having the opportunity to travel abroad, a vacation often in France, the cultural elite with whom he came into close contact. It is three times representing the jury of the Cannes film festival in 1955, 1958 (when he was awarded the "Palme d'or" film "the cranes are Flying") and 1961. Pretty lush adaptation of the Yutkevich Shakespeare's "Othello" (1956) was also awarded a prize at the Cannes film festival. Since 1968 he was Vice-President of the French national Cinematheque.

In 1958, they turned the Lenin theme, delivered him in the past a lot of trouble. In the film "Stories about Lenin", consisting of two short stories, he creates a legend about "the most humane man". At the same time, one of the stories of the painting "the Last autumn", demonstrates the emancipation of aesthetics Yutkevich, film Director tries cinematic means to convey the unity of the hero and nature.

Taste Yutkevich to experiment, mixing various genres appeared in the animated version of the play of Vladimir Mayakovsky's "Banya" (1962, written and directed by Yutkevich and A. G. Karanovich) where the method of cinemalaya organically combined the performance of the actors with documentary footage, puppetry and hand drawn animation. Mayakovskaya was another cross-cutting theme in the work of the Yutkevich. In 1976 he again put in the aesthetics of cinemalaya the film "Mayakovsky laughs" (1976, based on the play "the Bedbug" and script of "farewell fire" by Vladimir Mayakovsky; directed by Yutkevich and Karanovich). And in 1968, they restored the old "dumb" film "Lady and the hooligan" (1918), which once starred Mayakovsky himself. A curious and important was the participation Yutkevich in creating in 1967 (together with N. I. Kleiman) of the photo-film "Bezhin meadow" Sergei Eisenstein on the basis of the preserved frames-srepok destroyed in the 1930-ies film.

In 1965 another film on the Leninist theme "Lenin in Poland" became the undoubted creative success Yutkevich. The Director still managed to prove that in art, experiment, creative approach, open to any topic. The visual range of the picture is a standard historical biopic, but in articulating his thoughts, innovative applied the method of "inner monologue". In the film we hear only a single voice — the voice of Lenin performed by M. M. Strauch, who tells and comments on what is happening on the screen, thinking about world events, about how they will respond in the future. Overall, the film kind of embodies the screen of the psychological theory of "advance notice" that there is a mechanism for anticipating and evaluating the results of actions. In addition to the prize of the Cannes film festival, this film was also awarded the State prize for 1967.

The success accompanied the Yutkevich and in the formulation of the Soviet-French film "the Plot for a short story" (1970), biographical content, in which he talks about the relationship of Anton Chekhov with singer Lika Mizinova (played by Nikolai Grinko and Marina Vlady) and about the history of the play "the Seagull." This film broke many genre and cinematic canons, boldly combining the live action with hand drawn, theatrical decorations. The last significant work Yutkevich movie — "Lenin in Paris" (1981)— despite the USSR State prize in 1983 and interesting idea, is unconvincing in the artistic sense. To the last, already advanced in years, they tried to live an active creative life. In 1982 he staged at the Moscow musical chamber theatre plays Alexander Blok's "Balaganchik" and "Stranger". Jutkiewicz continued to teach at VGIK, was the author of several theoretical books, the chief editor of two editions of "Kynosoura" (1966-1970, 1986).

Theatrical works:

At the Leningrad theatre of Comedy:

"You won't forget", author D. Priestley ("the Inspector has come"), performance Artist N. P. Akimov, 1945; Director

Awards:

1941 Stalin prize (II degree, the film "Yakov Sverdlov")

1947 the Stalin prize (film "Youth of our country")

1954 at Cannes film festival (international award, the film "the Great warrior of Albania Skanderbeg")

1954 at Cannes film festival (Special. the award is the Highest technical Committee, the film "the Great warrior of Albania Skanderbeg")

1956 international film festival in Damascus (gold medal, the film "Othello")

1956 at Cannes film festival (Prize for best Director, the film "Othello")

1959 CCF (the Diploma, the film "Stories about Lenin")

1966 VKF (First prize in the section of historical-revolutionary films, the film "Lenin in Poland")

1966 at Cannes film festival (Prize for best Director, Prize of the French NAT. the centre cinema, the film "Lenin in Poland")

1966 UF in London (Honorary diploma, the film "Lenin in Poland")

1967 State. prize of the USSR (the film "Lenin in Poland")

1983 State. prize of the USSR (the film "Lenin in Paris")