The Kaluga Museum of Fine Arts is the largest art collection in the Kaluga Region. It was opened on June 12, 1918 in the house of the doctor N.I. Vasiliev (now - house number 81 on the street. Dzerzhinsky). A native of Kaluga, Nikanor Ivanovich Vasiliev (1832–1917) bequeathed his art collection to his native city. Works from the private collection of N.N. Vasiliev formed the basis of the museum's collection.
The museum has branches: Tarus, Ulyanovsk, Khvastovich, Mosalsky galleries, as well as the Information and Education and Exhibition Center in Kaluga, and is a methodological center for art galleries in the region.