About Efim Nikolayevich Bushuev the little known. He was born in 1807 at Zlatoust metallurgical plant (now the city of Zlatoust) in the family of unterrichtsmaterial, the factory of the painter and draftsman Nicholas N. Bushueva. Yefim had started to work with his father in certeine of the Zlatoust plant. Already in 1815 his name appears in the list of students of the workshop. He was then transferred to the shop discharge and gilding of blades, which he directed in those years, Wilhelm Schaaf.
It should be noted that "students in the masters Safah when wytrawne and gilt blades asked" with 1817 unter sightmaster 3rd class Peter Tsyalezhnikau and Ivan Bushuev, surveying students Efim Bushuyev, Fedor Strizhov, Maxim Tsyalezhnikau, Ivan Boyarshinov, Arkhip of Lepeshkov, Osip Tsyalezhnikau, Fedor Tsyalezhnikau, and Michael Cherepanov, who passed school of "drawing" the painters of the factory certini.
From the works of Efim Bushuyev until recently was known only one sword decorated with scenes based on the "Iliad", signed, as was customary at that time leading artists - father and son Safari. For a long time the latter was credited with the authorship, but the researchers discovered carved on the shank the initials "E. B." has allowed to define the name of the true artist works arms art. Currently, the sword is kept in the Museum of Zlatoust. Famous and paintings by E. N. Bushueva: "View representing the temple of Apollo" and "View of Tsarevo-Alexandrovsky mine."
In recent years, information on the creative legacy of talented artist-gunsmith is filled with new data. Thus, it became known that a reciprocating blade located in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum, decorated by an artist-engraver of Zlatoustovsky weapon factory efimom Bushueva. On the heel of the blade shank the date of creation of a product "1818," and on the reverse side is engraved with a good readable inscription in italics: "E. Bush. Chrysostom." Perhaps this is one of the 19 products created by the students Savov and submitted to the Department. It should be noted that Efim was eleven years old. Clearly, there is further research work. The nature of the decoration of the blade, the stylistic unity of form and ideological content, expressed in the ornamental composite solutions, testify to the undoubted gift of a young artist like sfokusirovalsja whole experience of the previous generations of talented family factory painters-painters and engravers Bushevik.
By order of the Department of mining and salt Affairs, followed in 1823, as a state-owned seniors for teaching "drawing art" in the Imperial Academy of arts in St. Petersburg from Zlatoust mining plants are needed to direct the boys. Gun factory, "that has not fallen art" of decorating weapons and "to make up for lack of taste", sends to the capital the three teenagers - pupils of mill discharge and gilding of blades - Paul Utkin, Theodore Telezhnikova and Efim Bushuyev.
Getting to the Academy of arts, the young people passed the test and "proved capable of making in the Academy" in the "third age". Six months later the next order of Department peers were placed at various art classes. "Recognizing useful for plants, wrote the Director of the mining Department E. V. Korneev, to perfect the aforesaid pupils is not one of any artificial part, and to divide according to their special aptitudes of each, I beg Your Excellency to order to place Bushueva in the painting Department, Telezhnikova in the architectural and Utkin - in sculpture, on the follow-up to grace me with Your notice". All costs for maintenance of the pupils carried the Zlatoust arms factory, which is confirmed monthly reports on "the order of the Department of mining and salt Affairs on the issuance amounts of 15 rubles each, at the expense of the Zlatoust factory with rospisnoy in the book".
At the Academy of arts Efim Bushuyev was determined at the painting class. Like all disciples, he copied pictures of old masters, most often Dutch, who were in the meeting of the Academy, as well as numerous paintings. Among the originals were paintings by S. Ruysdael, J. Hakkert, A. van der Verf and many other academic methodology strongly developed in students the desire to be accurate in following nature. The educational composition of the landscape class, which was also attended by the pupil of the Zlatoust arms factory, wore essentially character sketches and genre scenes, where very specifically addressed lighting, space, transferred to the material difference of each item.
Setting General requirements for trenam exams, the Council of the Academy of arts limited in respect of the landscape showing that they were "sketches on specified programs, certainly in the color." The sketches that students can be awarded a silver medal both advantages. In 1825, for example, the landscape of work is marked only on one tretom the exam on 31 August. Then the Second silver medals were awarded to E. N. Bushuev and G. G. Chernetsov. In 1826, the authors of landscape compositions awarded at two tretih exams, and on October 2 the First silver medal was again awarded to Bushuyev.
Arriving in 1824 in Saint-Petersburg together with their peers, retirees, Yefim, unfortunately, to complete the training could not. The years that he is still a teenager spent in the shop of discharge and gilding of the weapons factory that blew up young and without having apparently weak body. In 1827 he died of tuberculosis - the dreaded "satellite" employed in those years gold-plating "through the fire", accompanied by fumes of mercury. Efim Nikolayevich Bushuev died in Oranienbaum (now Lomonosov), where he may have left to perform another "write types in the vicinity". The creative legacy of the artist-engraver is poorly studied, but those are still heterogeneous, the information that the researchers were able to establish, testify to the undoubted talent of our fellow countryman-the South Urals.
S. N. Kulikovskikh
