A graduate of the Academy of arts in 1803 Received medals: in 1813 – 2 and 1 silver; in 1814 – 2 silver; in 1815 – 2 gold on the "building project of the Senate"; in 1818 – 1 gold. In 1815 issued with a certificate of 1 degree and left a pensioner of the Academy of arts; in 1819 he was sent abroad at the expense of His Imperial Majesty's Cabinet, where he returned in 1828 To 1830, the title of academician for the work: "Project of renewal of the temple of Fortune at Preneste, the Palace of the Caesars on the Palatine mount, Project libraries and the churches and Academic buildings." In 1833, elected to the professors of 2 degrees for "project of the monastery of the Greek religion for 100 people". In 1843 the title of Professor of 1 degree. Since 1854 rector as part of the architecture; in the same year – the rank of distinguished Professor. The Builder of the temple of Christ the Savior in Moscow (1837-1881.), the Church of the Annunciation in St. Petersburg and others. During his stay abroad he was elected academician of the Roman San Buzuluk Academy of arts and awarded the title of Professor of the Florentine Academy of arts.
(Kondakov)
Russian architect, representative of romantic historicism in Russian architecture. Born in St. Petersburg on October 26 (November 6), 1794 the son of the owner of the jewelry shop. In 1803-1815 he studied at the Academy of arts A. N. Voronikhin. Aimed as a "retiree" of the Academy in Italy, lived in 1819-1828 he was in Rome, studying ancient monuments and accounting for their recovery. Upon his return to St. Petersburg became part of the Committee for buildings and hydraulic works.
Designed in the spirit of classicism, but then, his works have prevailed "Russian style", oriented to the Russian-Byzantine middle Ages. A milestone in this sense was the building of the Church of St. Catherine near the Kalinkin bridge in St. Petersburg (1831), designed in the spirit of the Moscow cross-domed churches 15-16 centuries are Represented in this period, Nicholas I, the architect began on the initiative of the Emperor, to the main his work, the grandiose Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, whose aim is to become a temple-monument to commemorate the victory of Russia in Patriotic war of 1812 (project Tone, which replaced the rejected project A. L. Vitberg, was established in 1831-1832; the construction began in 1839, in the year of the 25th anniversary of the capture of Paris and the conclusion of peace with the French). A majestic building height of 102 m, with the basis of a Byzantine cross-domed structure, with a Central helmet-shaped dome on four pillars, and four bell-towers (topped with the same, only smaller domes) at the corners, became one of the main spatial landmarks of the city. Completed in 1883, the Church was blown up in 1931 and rebuilt in 1994-1999.
Second most famous creation Tone was Great Kremlin Palace (1839-1849), built on the crest of the hill on the site of the Grand choir. Classic overall composition acquired through a variety of "old" components (Windows with double arches, decorative frames and kokoshniki) – the organic connection with the surrounding medieval buildings; besides, the Palace was connected with them by passages. The Palace interior (St. George, Vladimir and other facilities) are striking in grandeur and luxury of ornamental decoration.
Project workshop Tone in Russia was built many large and small churches. Thanks to the patronage of the court "tonowski" Russian-Byzantine style (as stated in his album Projects of churches, published in 1838) began in the mid-19th century standard. Among the other buildings of the architect is especially significant: the silver iconostasis of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg (1831-1833) and the stations (now Leningrad, in Moscow and in St. Petersburg) and travel the building of the Nikolaev railway; and in the latter case, beautifully combined features of different styles – as is always the case in Tone – joined with thought-out functionality of the overall plan. The master was also a great teaching job (1854-1871 was the rector of the Academy of fine arts).
Dead Tone in St. Petersburg, January 25 (6 February) 1881.
